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The Golden Conure (Guaruba guarouba), also known as the Golden Parakeet, is a species of bird native to Brazil, South America. Most of their feathers are gold, but a few at the end of their wings are green.
In Rio, they are seen in the beginning singing Real in Rio with the other birds and at the end of the film. In the beginning, a Mother Golden Parakeet or Conure is seen with a nest of three babies, and at the end, a few Conures are seen flying with Jewel, Toucans, and other exotic birds. However, the species do not occur in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
In Rio 2, a number of Golden Conures are seen at the New Year's celebration. One is playing the surdo (Brazilian percussion instrument), while others are dancing.
Much later in Rio 2, a female Golden Conure and her eggs are briefly shown, their tree under threat from a logger's bulldozer. Blu saves them by taking the bulldozer's keys out of its ignition, instantly halting it.
Description[]
The golden conure is 13 inches long. Its plumage is mostly bright yellow, hence its common name, but it also possesses green remiges. It has a large gray beak, pale-pink bare eye rings, brown irises, and pink legs. However, juveniles are different in appearance. Juveniles are duller and have less yellow feathers than the adults. The juvenile's head and neck are mostly green, the back is green and yellow, the upper side of the tail is mostly green, and the breast is greenish. Juveniles also have pale gray eye rings and brown legs.
Taxonomy[]
Formerly classified as Aratinga guarouba, it is now a species in the monotypic genus Guaruba, one of the numerous genera of New World long-tailed parrots in tribe Arini, which also includes the Central and South American macaws. Tribe Arini together with the Amazonian parrots and a few miscellaneous genera make up subfamily Arinae of Neotropical parrots in family Psittacidae of true parrots.
The specific name guarouba (alternately guaruba) is derived from Old Tupi: guará, "small bird"; and Old Tupi: yuba, "yellow"; hence "small yellow bird". The different spellings of the genus and species names result from the different spellings used by Lesson and Gmelin when they postulated the taxons. The taxonomic convention is to retain the names as spelled by the original authorities.
Molecular studies show that Guaruba and Diopsittaca (red-shouldered macaw) are sister genera. It is also closely related to Leptosittaca branicki, (golden-plumed parakeet).
Description[]
The golden parakeet is 34 cm (13 in) long and mainly yellow with green in the outer wings and with an all-yellow tail. It has a large horn-colored (gray) beak, pale-pink bare eye rings, brown irises, and pink legs. Males and females have an identical external appearance. Juveniles are duller and have less yellow and more green plumage than adults. The juvenile's head and neck are mostly green, the back is green and yellow, the upper side of the tail is mostly green, the breast is greenish, the eye rings are pale-gray, and the legs are brown.
Distribution and habitat[]
Its range is estimated to be limited to about 174,000 km2. between the Tocantins, lower Xingu, and Tapajós Rivers in the Amazon Basin south of the Amazon River in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. Additional records occur from adjacent northern Maranhão. The birds in a 1986 study used two different habitats during the year; during the nonbreeding season, which coincided with the dry season, they occupied the tall forest. During the breeding season, they left the tall forest and entered open areas on the edge of the forest such as fields used in agriculture.
Behavior[]
Golden parakeets are a social species, living, feeding, sleeping, and even breeding together. In the wild, they have a varied diet, feeding on fruits such as mango, muruci and açai, flowers, buds, seeds (including Croton matouensis, and crop plants, particularly maize.
Reproduction[]
The golden parakeet's breeding system is almost unique amongst parrots, as pairs are aided by a number of helpers which aid in the raising of the young. This behavior is less common with parakeets in captivity, which often abandon their young after three weeks.
After the golden parakeet reaches sexual maturity at the age of three years, the breeding season starts in November and runs through February. They nest in a high tree, in deeper than average nesting cavities, and lay an average of four 37.1 by 29.9 mm (1.46 by 1.18 in) white eggs, which they aggressively guard. The incubation period is about 30 days, in which the male and female take turns incubating. In the first few years of sexual maturity, golden parakeets tend to lay infertile clutches until the age of six to eight. In captivity, golden parakeets resume breeding when their chicks are taken from them.
At birth, golden parakeets are covered in white down that eventually turns darker within a week. By the end of the third week, wing feathers start to develop. Juveniles are playful but may turn abusive against their peers. Nestlings are preyed upon by toucans, which may explain their social behavior. Nests are vigorously defended from toucans by several members of the group.
Conservation and threats[]
The golden parakeet is listed on the IUCN Red List as vulnerable. This is largely due to deforestation and the capture of wild birds for aviculture, where it is in high demand due to the attractiveness of its plumage. Locally, they are considered as pests for feeding on crops and are hunted for food or sport. The current population is estimated to be in the range of 10,000 to 20,000.
An example of the displacement of golden parakeets by habitat loss comes from the building of the Tucuruí Dam, Pará, from 1975-1984. More than 35,000 forest dwellers were forced from what had been a habitat that was considered to be "among the richest and most diversified in the world." In addition, 2,875 km2 (1,110 sq mi) of rainforest were flooded, and 1,600 islands were produced by the flooding, all of which were heavily deforested.
An international effort led by the Brazilian government in partnership with Parrots International, Lymington Foundation, the University of Sao Paulo and others is underway to raise young birds in captivity reintegrate them to their natural habitat with support of locals in Northeast Brazil.
Trivia[]
- During "Real in Rio", the female Golden Conure only teaches two of her chicks to fly, leaving the third chick in the nest. It is unknown what happened to the abandoned chick afterwards.
- However he could have hatched later, or just an error in the scene.
Gallery[]
In real life[]
In the movie Rio[]
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In the movie Rio 2[]
